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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' understanding of pragmatic resistance and the relational affordances they had access to were significant. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to avoid expressing criticism of the strictness of a professor (see example 2). This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic issues such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test is a common instrument in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT, for example, cannot account cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or assessment. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps could be a strength. 프라그마틱 불법 can assist researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most important tools to analyze learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to investigate various issues that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners their speech. Recent research used an DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. The participants were given an array of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the choices provided. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other data collection methods. DCTs can be developed using specific linguistic criteria, such as form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test creators. They may not be precise and could misrepresent the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further research on alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse. In a recent study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with those from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT was more direct and conventionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' choices in their use of Korean by using a range of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to think about their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to reject native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories and their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was analyzed in order to identify the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were a sign of pragmatic resistance. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their decision to use pragmatic language in a given situation. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and z tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic words like “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to a lack of knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent, were then coded. The coding process was an iterative process in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding were evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behavior. Interviews with Refusal A key question of pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research has attempted to answer this question with various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could create native-like patterns. In addition, they were aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors like relational advantages. They also discussed, for instance, how their relations with their professors enabled them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university. The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they might face if their local social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as “foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They could still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes multiple data sources to support the findings, including interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods. In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are essential for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also beneficial to study the research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the case in a wider theoretical context. This study was based on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, thereby ignoring precise pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an inclination to add their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, further detracting from the quality of their responses. Moreover, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension. The interviewees were given two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and so she refused to ask about the health of her interlocutors despite having a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would ask.